Midterm Exam Essay

Utopian Stories After reading the short stories thought this semester, I have found that many of the Utopian stories are thematically the same. A Utopian story is a short story or novel in which someone pays the cost for perfection in society. There are three short stories that are most thematically alike those are: The Lottery by Shirley Jackson in 1948; The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas by Ursula K. Le Guin in 1975; and Harrison Bergeron by Kurt Vonnegut Jr. in 1961. I have chosen these three stories because someone pays the cost in each of these stories and the results in each of them are the same. The elements of plot, characterizations, settings and symbols of each of these stories are alike. The story The Lottery by Shirley Jackson is about village who stones a villager, old or young, once a year, for good crops and harvest. This person is chosen by a draw from a box. As in the lottery, the short story entitled The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas by Ursula K Le Guin is about a community that isolates and eglects a child for a â€Å"perfect† community and in Harrison Bergeron by Kurt Vonnegut Jr. he community is restrained by handicap’s so that everyone can be equally perfect. All of these stories plots have the one person that is tortured or killed for everyone else’s happiness. Someone has to die or be neglected for perfection, they become sacrifices and not willingly. They are chosen unfairly or are held back of their gi fts. The characterizations in each of these stories are simply innocent. None of the main characters had a choice and if they rebelled they were still put to death. In The Lottery Mrs. Hutchinson seems to be a normal mother and a great wife. She was doing as women in that time should have done, and she was late because she was doing the dishes. She was innocent. In The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas a young boy is neglected and frowned upon as a sacrifice. It is not said that this boy had done anything to deserve this, or that he was chosen because of his behavior. He was innocent and very young, most likely pure. In Harrison Bergeron both the mother and father were a normal family however the father had to wear a handicap to make im less intelligent and Harrison was a normal boy that was smart and talented however he disagreed and paid a cost. I believe that all the characters were treated unfairly. They all seemed to be nice and normal. The settings and Symbols of each of the stories are in a small village or community. A smaller community is easier to control and persuade. I think that the symbols are similar they are all restraints in a way or isolation. Stones were used in the lottery and when thinking of a stone I think of something cold and hard and very uncomfortable. In the Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas they used a basement to keep the boy in. When thinking of a basement I think of a dark cold place also very hard and uncomfortable. In Harrison Bergeron they used handicap’s that were probably uncomfortable and the loud sounds in their all very uncomfortable. In conclusion I believe that these three stories were all thematically alike. The Lottery, The Ones Who Walk away from Omelas, and Harrison Bergeron were all great stories and I would recommend them to anyone who would like to read a utopian story.

Prejudice in the Movie

This poignant and gripping film illustrates the reality of racial discrimination and bigotry among the contemporary society.   The diverse characters of people from different racial groups like Caucasians, African-Americans, Asians, Hispanics or Latinos are shown in this movie in the city of Los Angeles.It vividly displays so much prejudice, anger and fear of getting discriminated due to several reasons with the comeuppance of certain intense situations to the point where the one who is being inflicted retaliates back which sometimes could result to violence.Prejudice can be in the form of racism or sexism, manifested verbally, unconsciously or deliberately.   These people say what comes to their minds without the filters of propriety and compassion to others.   This class aided me to understand that people typecast or stereotype a person or group due to some irrational preconceived dislike.Based psychologically and socially, we may have experienced a traumatic or upsetting sit uation which made us form a bias against an individual. Economic background is also a basis of prejudice, disliking one belonging to the rich or the poor. Furthermore, raised in different cultures, it is inevitable that one dislikes another person’s behavior since it is different from what one is used to or has been raised in.Crash has expressively and effectively communicated to the viewers how people manifest prejudice to each other.   It displayed how one character can become the offender at one time and a victim in another discrimination situation.   This just shows how each one of us has a prejudice over someone or something.   Movies like Crash, try to impart the harsh realities to provide us the awareness and awaken us to elicit improvement in whatever we fall short of in a personal level as well as in the community.   It forces us to face what is happening so that someday we may have a world free of prejudice.REFERENCECheadle, D., Haggis, P., Moresco, R., Schu lman, C., & Yari, B. (Producers), Haggis, P.  (Director). (2005). Crash [Motion Picture]. United States: Lions Gate Films

Continental Airlines - 1616 Words

Managing IT for Business Continental Airlines: Outsourcing IT to Support Business Transformation Questions: 1. Why is it necessary to have top management support for the implementation of technology innovations? Innovation implementation require adequate resources including money, but more importantly, people and time. These resources will not be formed without top management support. Top management support is essential for the project since it is they who allocate the funds which turn the wheels of changes in the organization. At all stage of implementation, management must monitor and change the process if necessary (Mohini and Dianne, 2004). In the case of Continental Airlines, Janet Wejman who were the Chief†¦show more content†¦There will be also a reduced sense of control after outsourcing. Close monitoring are required for both parties to ensure the performance and operation comply the contract along the way. 4. Why must long-term outsourcing contracts be flexible? IT field as one of the fast moving industry among other industries. The changes in the business operations periodically require upgrade or even changes in technologies. The obvious example from Continental case was the shift in technologies from mainframe to client-server. Continental will face some difficulties if they are not able to equip with the newer technologies which is a very competitive edge in the competition. With a proper management of the up-to-date outsourcing contract, Continental are able to explore and expand their current business opportunity. Besides that, flexibility for the outsourcing contracts are required to narrow down the gap between Continental and EDS. As both company have their own management style and operation, there will not be a perfect solution given only at a point of time. Close coordination, review meeting, monthly meeting and other communication channel are required for a long term cooperation. Once the gap or difficulties are identified, both c ompany are not only obeying the standard rules or policy stated in the agreement only where mutual effort must be given to solve the issueShow MoreRelatedContinental Airlines900 Words   |  4 Pagescase case Continental Airlines: One Company’s Flight to Success In the last decade, Continental Airlines has had a spotty track record. The airline twice filed for bankruptcy, realized diminished performance culminating in a $613 million loss in 1994, and was ranked dead last in industry indicators such as on-time performance among the major carriers. During these years, employees at Continental had undergone several series of layoffs and withstood both wage cuts and delayed wage increases inRead MoreContinental Airlines13067 Words   |  53 PagesCase Study Data Warehousing Continental Airlines I. Executive Summary Table of Contents I II III IV V Executive Summary The Decision to Invest Implementation New Business Strategies ROI 2 4 6 9 19 20 Technical Appendix A Continental’s comeback from â€Å"Worst to First† is an airline industry legend. Now the company is engaged in a new initiative to move from â€Å"First to Favorite.† To support this ambitious initiative, Continental tapped into its Enterprise Data Warehouse and expanded itRead Morecontinental airlines 1 Essay6446 Words   |  26 Pagesï » ¿Continental Airlines: Outsourcing IT to Support Business Transformation Prepared by Neils Christensen and Keri Pearlson As the Texas sun began to set, Janet Wejman, the Chief Information Officer for Continental Airlines looked out the window of her Houston-based office and considered what her next move should be. It was now November 1996 and while she had only been with the company for a few months, she faced a dilemma relating to the airline’s information technology outsourcing agreement withRead MoreContinental Airlines, Inc1205 Words   |  5 PagesContinental Airlines Inc. Analysis Strategic Management Vision Statement Continental Airlines Inc. seeks to lead its industry in superior customer service, innovative technology, employee satisfaction, and environmental advances, at home and abroad. Mission Statement At Continental Airlines Inc., we strive to obtain excellent customer service and satisfaction through technological advances in on-line bookings and e-ticket purchases. We have strict security measures to ensure ourRead More Continental Airlines Essay845 Words   |  4 Pages 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Continental Airlines, like other companies in the airline industry, is a volatile organization. However, Continental has many strengths that have allowed it to prevail through tough times and avoid complete ruin. The CEO of Continental Airlines played an important role in reviving the company. His â€Å"Go Forward Plan† vocalized the strategy of the company and focused on every aspect of the organization. Continental has a well-defined target market, providing services to upper-class and businessRead MoreContinental Airlines Essay1518 Words   |  7 PagesContinental Airlines Memo To: Lawrence Kellner From: Date: Re: The purpose of this memorandum is to address the profitability issues at Continental Airlines and to estimate the costs for 2009 to forecast the future outlook of the company. To address these issues, I used regression analysis to observe what effect the 11% reduction in flying capacity would have on the firm’s future operating costs. I also used the results from the regression analysis to verify the costs that, if reducedRead MoreContinental Airlines in 2003 Sustaining the Turnaround6037 Words   |  25 Pagesworking for Continental Airlines in the year 1994. It’s unfortunate that the above description couldn’t be rightly called an exaggeration of how awful Continental’s situation was at that time because it actually accurately depicts it. Founded over more than 80 years ago as Verney Speedlines, Continental’s pioneers Walter T. Varney and his partner Louis Mueller would probably turn in their graves if they ever lived to see the state that th eir creation is in. Most would look at Continental and wouldRead MoreThe Merger Between United Airlines And Continental Airlines1147 Words   |  5 Pages Airline Company Merger PART A Discussion on question one: The merger between United Airlines and Continental Airlines experienced some significant challenges. The principal challenge was to integrate the flight information of the two systems. One fear the evident was losing the data during the incorporation, which was vital for the flight s operations). However, the technicians established that Unimatic (United s Information system) was capable of handling the data from both airlinesRead MoreUnited Airlines And Merger With Continental Airlines Essay1393 Words   |  6 PagesABSTRACT UAL Corp.’s United Airlines announced merger with Continental Airlines Inc. on May 3, 2010 and became the world’s largest airline. This $3 billion merger between the two airline companies lifted the beigest regulatory hurdle ever in the international aviation sector. In this paper, I will review through the timeline that covers from the announcement of the merger to the completion with major milestones noted and what role the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) was playing in this merger. TIMELINERead MoreGordon Bethune and the Complete Transformation of Continental Airlines1580 Words   |  7 Pagescomplete transformation of Continental Airlines Overview When Gordon Bethune left his job at Boeing in February 1994 to accept the position of chief operating officer (COO) of Continental Airlines, the company was struggling to survive. Even though it was the fifth largest commercial airline in the United States, with revenues of nearly 6 billion dollars, the company had reported a net loss every year since 1985, and was ranked the last among the top ten commercial airlines in the United States in

Christian Perceptive in Human Right - 717 Words

Human rights are the rights of the most fundamental which naturally inherent in human beings as a gift of God (Based on Genesis 1:26-29; 2:17-18). Human right is a stem from claims of God to man. Therefore, although it cannot be separated from human experiences, it is not from the experience of human, but rather on Gods action in human history. Meaning: Human Rights is not a human ideal formula of himself, but rather an understanding of what God requires of man - what man is, what is the meaning of existence, and what the purpose of his life, from Gods perspective. Based on the truth of the above, it should reject the two tendencies are somewhat common on attitudes toward human rights, namely: a) Attitude that makes people become a source of historical experience and the starting point for formulating the only Human Rights. b) Particular formulation absolutizing attitude as if he was identical with the claim and will of God, and therefore claimed to be absolute and universally applic able. In the perspective of Christian theology speaks of human rights, can be seen through the two sides, namely: a) Reviewing from the point of faith about what, why and how human right are universally applicable to all people in all places, and b) Laying these efforts within the framework of the joint efforts of all mankind to seek the best for everyone and everyone in accordance with their fundamental rights as human beings. Human Rights are one thing; the formulation of Human Rights is oneShow MoreRelatedChristians and The Environmental Ethics958 Words   |  4 Pages An environmentalist is a person worships the environment and cares for nature more than people. Christians and others share the common perception that environmental ethics exist for how human beings should relate to the land, the free market perceptive and the environmental perceptive. Humans share a relationship with all creations of the earth. But as humans, they find themselves as having a role in the created ord er which is they have a closer relationship with the creator who has chargedRead MoreBeruit to Jerusalem by Thomas Friedman Essay1526 Words   |  7 Pagesat the same time, to remind us that we are dealing with human lives not just a death count. An example of these humanistic stories is the story of Friedman’s apartment and his friend Mohammed’s family. The story of the Mohammed’s family and the ugly death they all received gives a human point of view that a lot of times the media does not portray. The media focus on the actions of this country bombing this country but never on the human side of the story. Actual people are losing family membersRead More Sociology and Religion Essay example1028 Words   |  5 Pages This paper is from a catholic feminist’s perceptive that the church, as an institution, is structured as a pyramid modeled on the patriarchal family with the custom of father-right. The patriarchal decision-maker has the power to shape, form and control the â€Å"poor of the world† (McCormick, pg. 240) mirroring the aspect of the conflict theory. The poor of the world are the people who work for the institution of the Church controlled by the patriarchal power elite. These established masses of peopleRead MoreThe Attributes Of Managing Organizational Behavior1173 Words   |  5 Pagesmanaging behavior. This paper presents linkage and support form scripture in the Bible. I have integrate biblical principles about leaders and leadership behavior. Lastly, this paper presents the distinctions from popular models in purpose and perceptive. My paper will discuss my beliefs on managing organizational behavior from experiences and observations from communication, time management, and evaluations. These perspective alone with other critical information will be structured in my paperRead MoreI Signed Up For World Religions Class976 Words   |  4 Pagessigned up for World Religions class for a few reasons to fulfi l graduation requirements, it was something new, and learn new perspective. Originally I signed up for this class due to it counting for two Minnesota transfer circular goals credit for human diversity goal seven and global perspective goal eight. I also sign up for World Religions class because it was something completely new to me. I went to a private Lutheran school preschool through eighth grade. Than to a high school that was heavilyRead MoreIslamic Reform Since 9/111184 Words   |  5 Pagessubstantial progress, many would argue that Islam is incapable of change. Understanding Islam’s past is imperative to understanding its future. Since its inception, Islam has been a violent and unforgiving religion. Social issues such as slavery and women’s rights have been left in the dark when it comes to Islam. In the past Islamic principles from the Koran have used been used to justify violence toward infidels (people with no religious beliefs or those who differ from I slam). Some of these practices areRead MoreEmotion And Devotion : The Meaning Of Mary Medieval Religious Cultures Essay1508 Words   |  7 Pageswith loss, pain or separation.† All of these modes of identity are important because they help pre-modern historians understand the â€Å"emergence of collective orientations in medieval Europe... [which are] akin to [an] identity.† The collective Christian identity in later medieval centuries was significantly emotionally influenced by the figure of Mary. The Virgin Mary was depicted during this period as either a â€Å"young [nurturing] mother with her baby son... [or as] the grieving mother [who] witness[es]Read MoreA Moral Of Principal Barn Burning By William Faulkner And A P 855 Words   |  4 Pageschanging decision. The story â€Å"A P† by John Updike, outlines several supporting details explaining Sammy s final decision and why he comes to that decision. Luscher said, â€Å"Sammy has an active imagination, a growing facility with language, and a perceptive eye and ear. While his defense of the girls may be motivated by a combination of lust, admiration for Queenie’s social status, and sentimental romanticism, his gesture is not without principle and quickly assumes more serious over tones.† SammyRead MorePrice Tag on Life1400 Words   |  6 Pagesreal life examples of Utilitarian principles and morality are presented. Generally, utilitarianism is an area of philosophy relating to the principles of justice, fairness, ethics and one of the studies helping to answer to the question â€Å"what is the right thing to do?† Jeremy Bentham is an early advocate of utilitarian philosophy, in which, the highest principle of morality is to maximize the general welfare and mass happiness. In other words, to maximize the utility and happiness over the sufferingRead MoreWhat I Have Learned About Research1270 Words   |  6 Pagesresponses, especially when asking about personal topics. There are several different Christian based approaches that can come from behavioral research. Ethics has to do with our choices and actions, which form our character. Ethics depends on that human habit of reflection that takes into account our interests and values as well as those of others in the process of deciding and doing. Since it calls on perceptive thought, analytical and intuitive reasoning, and prudential judgment, ethics is perhaps

What Is So Fascinating About Humorous Informal Essay Samples?

What Is So Fascinating About Humorous Informal Essay Samples? If you believe you are content with the stream of the essay which you've written, you might publish it with ease. In this sort of essay, it's important that you select a topic that has two sides. Yes, I mean to say that don't choose topics that have the x talk. There are several fun essay topics that you are able to write on. Most Noticeable Humorous Informal Essay Samples If you need assistance with your tasks, there's no greater place to receive it than Pro-Papers. So, the very best thing to be completed in such cases is getting in contact with the expert customized essay paper writing experts available today. You may continue to keep your argumentative essays for your upcoming job portfolio in case they're highly graded. In spite of the fact that it's an informal essay you're working on, becoming too informal might force you to eliminate a steady grip. To put it differently, there is apparently no universal criteria to define just what is humorous. On the contrary in regards to a formal essay then it has to be written in a suitable format and its topic needs to be chosen carefully to deal with an important matter. You always ought to bear in mind what kind of essay you would love to finish. You should consider various factors when doing your introduction so that you can make certain that your formal essay may have a fantastic start. Humorous Informal Essay Samples An informal manner of writing provides an excellent opportunity to write about anything you want. By examining the problem of friendship from other perspectives, this essay was made to help its readers to comprehend the idea of friendship on a deeper level than perhaps they previously considered it. At exactly the same time, informal essays incorporate an awareness of humor, interesting facts and other similar features of common interest. A funny essay is an essay where the writer intends to earn a reader laugh and d elight in the read. however, it isn't everybody's cup of tea to compose an ideal joy ride for readers. When you choose us, you do not need to bear any sort of financial burden. In a particular way, the manner of writing is extremely near fiction stories. If you're writing informally, attempt to keep a feeling of your own personality. The Benefits of Humorous Informal Essay Samples A conclusion is, undoubtedly, the most significant portion of the argumentative essay since you can either support the excellent impression or destroy it entirely. Informal essay structure should begin with a story you're attempting to unfold and progress it till the end. You're welcome to surf the site, place an order and buy an inexpensive paper. If at all possible, make sure that you include things like an image of the said object you're planning to use if you wish to publish the said essay online. Exactly like any other sorts of essays, there are not any strict rules that are irreplaceable. Now, let's look at distinct varieties of formal essays. Keep reading if you want to learn more about the differences between both of these types of essays. In the event the essay is written for handing into the teacher, then it is vital to consider what qualities will be evaluated. Becoming in a position to immerse yourself in writing an official essay in the best manner is able to help you grow as a writer. Observance of the fundamental principles and recommendations on writing will make an intriguing essay. Also, it is going to let them connect the function of the essay to what you have actually come up with. Basically, if you prefer to understand how to compose an informal essay, or at least, structure it, the solution is the manner you desire. The tone ought to be informal, attractive and persuasive, together with the inclusion of appropriate logic and factual data. Possessing a great sample facing your eyes you'll clearly see essay structure and also be in a position t o analyze figures of speech. Although this is a hard piece to read, as it elaborates the contemplation of suicide, it's still among the most valuable analyses of the topic. The Lost Secret of Humorous Informal Essay Samples The major difference you find in informal essay writing and other forms of essay writing is, it is not as rigid in contrast to other kinds of essay writing. The previous essay type we'll speak about is the argument essay. You must make sure the info which you will give to your readers are real so that your essay is going to be deemed credible. For reference in writing personal essays, you are able to go through our site to discover more. Your idea of an ideal date A best travel plan for your family The most fascinating cuisine you've tried so far Struggling with tricky essay topics can sometimes end up being a true headache for certain students. Regardless of what's the goal of your essay, there's a preset number of points which you will be expected to t ackle. A whole lot of students feel that if they are requested to compose an informal essay they're at the very top of the planet. A good deal of students make a mistake they choose a topic initially and then research it. The Little-Known Secrets to Humorous Informal Essay Samples Good writing of the informal essay is to realize the characteristics of the genre. This example of informal essay writing was made to help you handle your own paper. So, you have an essay writing task. If you're still concerned about writing an informal essay, you should try out this solution. Top Choices of Humorous Informal Essay Samples Informal essays are primarily written so as to share ideas, wisdom and individual experiences with the prospective readers. Rest assured, once the expert writers deal with your paper, you do not need to consider achieving academic success. They hail from various area of academics and have a comprehensive comprehension of the informal essay topics and other tech nicalities. The majority of them are domain-specific professionals.

Internal Control System free essay sample

Segregation of duties reduces the risk of intentional manipulation or error and increases the element of checking. P hysical control requires access to assets is limited to authorised personnel. Such control include locks, safe and entry codes. A uthorisation and approval: All transactions should be authorised or approved by an appropriate responsible person. The limits for these authorisations should be specified. M anagement controls are exercised by management outside the day to day routine of the system. Overall supervisory control Review of management accounts and comparison within budgets Internal audit function Special review procedure S upervisory control: Any system of internal control should include the supervision by responsible officials of day to day transactions and recording thereof. O rganisation as a control: The delegation of authority and responsibility should be clearly specified along with identifying the lines of reporting for all aspects of the enterprise’s operations, including the controls. A rithmetical and accounting control: All transactions should be recorded correctly and should be processed accurately through correct authorised persons. We will write a custom essay sample on Internal Control System or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page P ersonnel controls: Personnel should have appropriate skills to perform their responsibilities. Personnel’s qualifications, selection and training should have control with proper guidance. Internal control systems A range of internal controls is internal control system. A company will select internal controls from the SPAM SOAP. Which control it selects depends on the particular circumstances of the company. Internal check Internal check is regarded as those checks on the day to day transaction that operate continuously as part of the routine system, whereby the work of one erson is proved independently of or is complementary to, the work of another. Arithmetical internal checks include pre-lists, post-lists and control totals. Pre-list is a list that is drawn up before any processing takes place. Post-list is a list that is drawn up during or after processing Control total is a total of any sort used for control purposes by comparing it with another total that ought to be th e same. - Aims of internal checks * Segregation of tasks so that for particular action particular person can be responsible. Create and preserve the records that act as confirmation of physical facts and accounting entries. * Break down routine procedures into steps or stages for continuous flow of work and avoidance of bottleneck * Reduce possibility of fraud and error as that focus prevention of error before the reality. - CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEM 1. A clearly defined organisation structure i. Appropriate division and subdivisions ii. Clear lines of responsibility iii. Co-ordination of the activities 2. Adequate internal checks v. Segregation of tasks so that for particular action particular person can be held responsible. v. Proof measures such as control totals, pre-lists etc 3. Acknowledgement of work done (by means of signatures, stamps etc. ) 4. Protective devices for physical security (cctv, security guard etc) 5. Formal documents should acknowledge the transfer of responsibility for goods. (goods received note, requisition orders etc. ) 6. Pre-review: payments or orders need to be checked before finalised. 7. A clearly devised system for authorising transactions within specified limit. 8. Post-review (purchased ledgers can be reconciled with the monthly statement of the suppliers) 9. Funds and property of the company should be kept under proper custody. (Revenue , expenditure and assets should be under the authorised persons) 10. Personnel should have the capabilities and qualifications necessary to carry out their responsibilities properly. 11. An internal audit department for internal control system. - LIMITATION ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERNAL CONTROLS * Authorisation power can be abused by the person who is entrusted. Management can often override the controls they have set up themselves. * The cost of an internal control may be more than the cost of potential loss. * The potential for human errors due to carelessness, distraction, mistakes, or misunderstanding of instructions. - Internal audit An internal audit is an independent appraisal function established within an organisation to examine and evaluate its activities as a service to the organisation. Types of audit Internal audit is a management control, as it is a tool used to ensure that other internal controls are working satisfactorily. An internal audit department may be asked by management to look into any aspect of the organisation. Five different types are: 1. Operational audit (management/efficiency/value for money audit) a. Monitor management performance at every levels b. Monitor the fulfilment of optimal functioning according to predetermined criteria. 2. Systems audit c. Based on testing and evaluation of internal controls in order to ensure that resources are being managed effectively and information provided accurately. i. Compliance tests seek evidence that the internal controls are being applied as prescribed. i. Substantive test is designed to discover errors and omissions. 3. Transactions audit 4. Social audit 5. Management investigations. - The external auditor An external audit is an independent examination of, and expression of opinion on the financial statement of an enterprise. External auditors are generally firms of chartered or certified accountants. They summarise their conclusions on the com pany’s financial statements by issuing an audit report, addressed to the shareholders. The report must state whether, in the auditors opinion: * The balance sheet gives a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the company at the end of the financial year. * The income statement gives a true and fair view of the profit or loss of the company of the financial year. * The financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with the Companies Act 2006 True and fair means reasonably accurate and free from bias or distortion. - Difference between internal and external auditors | Internal auditing| External auditing| Role| To advise management on whether the organisation has sound systems of internal controls or protect the organisation against loss. | To provide an opinion to the shareholders on whether the financial statements give true and fair view| Legal basis| Generally not a legal requirement. | Legal requirement for large companies, public companies and many public bodies| Scope of work| Determined by management. Covers all areas of the organisation, operational as well as financial. | Determined by the auditor in order to carry out his statutory duty to report. Approach| Assess risksEvaluate systems of controls. Test operation of systems. Make recommendations for improvements| Increasingly risk based. Test underlying transactions that form the basis of the financial statements. | Responsibility| To advise and make recommendations on internal control and corporate governance. | To form an opinion on whether the financial statements give a true and fair view. | Appointment| Internal audito rs are employees of the organisation. | External auditors are appointed by the shareholders. |

Microeconomics Module †Supply and Demand

Ice-cream is one of the most popular food products in all parts of the world. In 2001 alone, the worldwide production of ice-cream reached an unprecedented 14.1 billion litres (Clarke, 2004). The United States remains an unchangeable leader of the ice cream market, with the annual consumption of approximately 22 litres per capita (Clarke, 2004). More than 90% of American households buy ice-cream and related products on a daily basis (Clarke, 2004). Two-thirds of ice-cream products are eaten outside home (Clarke, 2004).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Microeconomics Module – Supply and Demand specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It goes without saying that a multitude of factors affects the supply and demand of Baskin Robbins ice-cream. The main factors of demand include the number of buyers, income and tastes, price of complementary or substitute goods, as well as future expectations (Petroff, 2002). Any incre ase in consumer incomes will inevitably increase the demand for ice-cream. Changes in tastes can increase or reduce the demand for Baskin Robbins products. For example, consumers will buy more ice-cream from Baskin Robbins, if eating ice-cream becomes a matter of prestige. Simultaneously, consumers may easily switch to other ‘entertainment’ foods like popcorn or candies, if their price decreases. Baskin Robbins must be particularly cautious about consumer expectations, as any changes in future prices may cause serious shifts in the demand for ice-cream. Consumers who expect that food prices will grow may choose to stay away from ‘non-critical’ food products like ice-cream. If other food products become cheaper, consumers may choose to spend more money on Baskin Robbins products. The main determinants of supply include the number of sellers, production costs, new technologies, prices of complementary goods, and future expectations (Petroff, 2002). As the num ber of ice-cream manufacturers increases, Baskin Robbins will have to reduce the supply of ice-cream products and focus on selling and marketing the most competitive product varieties. Lower taxes and new technologies will increase the supply of Baskin Robbins ice-cream products to the market. Price always affects the amount of goods and services which consumers are willing to purchase. Quantity demanded is â€Å"the number of units of a good that consumers are willing and can afford to buy over a specified period of time† (Baumol Blinder, 2008, p.57). Price is the main predictor of the quantity of ice-cream demanded by consumers. The growing price of ice-cream will reduce consumers’ willingness to purchase the product. The demand for ice-cream products is extremely elastic, and changes in price may disproportionately affect the quantity demanded. However, price is not the only factor of changes in the supply and demand of ice-cream.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The effects of minimum wages on the market and consumers are well-documented. In 1940, Hagen wrote that any increase in minimum wages would expand the economy’s propensity to consume through changes in income distribution and at the expense of businesses and entrepreneurs. Simply stated, when the government raises the minimum wage, it also increases consumer incomes and the economy’s purchasing power. As a result, consumers will have more money to spend on ice-cream. Simultaneously, any increase in the minimum wage adds to the burden of production costs on firms. Baskin Robbins will have to spend more on wages and salaries for its employees. In this situation, the firm will either have to raise the price of ice-cream or reduce the amount of products supplied to the market. Whatever the choice, Baskin Robbins will have to change its business strategies, to maximiz e its profits under the new market conditions. Conclusion A multitude of factors affects the supply and demand of ice-cream. Price always predetermines the amount of good consumers are willing to purchase. Any increase in the minimum wage will increase consumer incomes and add to the burden of costs on firms. As a result, businesses will have to adjust their strategies, to maximize their profits under the new market conditions. References Baumol, W.J. Blinder, A.S. (2008). Microeconomics: Principles and policy. Boston: Cengage Learning. Clarke, C. (2004). The science of ice-cream. London: Royal Society of Chemistry. Hagen, E.E. (1940). Elasticity of demand and a minimum wage. The American Economic Review, 30(3), 574-576. Petroff, J. (2002). Chapter 1: Demand and supply. Microeconomics. Retrieved from https://www.peoi.org/Courses/Coursesen/mic/fram1.htmlAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on Microeconomics Module – Supply and Demand specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on Microeconomics Module – Supply and Demand was written and submitted by user Neil U. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.